大学英语六级阅读理解(7)
CampusLife
AnAppleForTheTeacher
Americanschoolchildrenoccasionallypresentanappletotheteacher.Obviouslythecustomcontainsanelementofbribery—youoffersweetfruittoauthorityfiguresto“sweeten”theirdisposition.Inschoolchildren’scase,theappleisofferedtomaketheirgradesmorefavorable.Therefore,theapplehasmoreorlessacquiredacorrosivereputationandmaybeforthisreason,inslangenglish“toapplepolish”means“toflatterorfawn”andanapplepolisherisaflatterer.
Butthecustommightalsobeexplainedasafairpaymentfortheteacher’sinstruction.Intheearlydaysofpubliceducation,schoolteacherswerenotalwayssalaried.Oftentheywouldbepaidingoodsandservices,offeredbyeithertheschool,orthepupilsortheparents.Therefore,theoccasionalgiftofanapplefortheteacherintoday’sclassroomshouldbeawel CapsAndGowns
Forstudents,themostexcitingmomentmaybethegraduationceremony:parents,relativesandfriendsareinvitedtotheceremony;allthegraduatesarewearingblacksquareflatcapsandgowns.Theyallawaitthepresidenttoannounceintheend,“now,pleasemoveyourtasselsfromrighttoleft.”
Thecapsandgownswornbyhighschoolandcollegegraduatestodayaresurvivorsoftheeverydaydresswornbymembersoftheacademic Theoriginofthesquareflatcap,ormortarboard,isobscure,thoughitprobablyderivesfromthemedievalbiretta.Suchatuftedsquarecapisconsideredthebadgeofthemastership,andislateradoptedbyundergraduatesandschoolboys.Thetermmortarboarddoesnotappearinenglishuntilthes.Thetasselthatgraduatestransferfromonesidetoanotherasasignaloftheirelevationisanoutgrowthofthemedievaltuft.Thetuftstillappearsonthemodernbiretta,wornbybishopsthroughoutthechurchofrome.
阅读自测
Ⅰ.TrueorFalse:
1.Nowadays,Americanpupilsalwaysofferanappletotheteacherinordertogetabettergrade.
2.Intheearlydaysofpubliceducation,schoolteacherswerepaidinmoney.
3.InAmerica,thecapsandgownsareonlyadoptedbycollegegraduatesduringgraduationceremonies.
4.Beforetherenaissance,thestandardclericaldresswasblack.
5.Thebirettawasconsideredthemarkofscholarship.
6.Thatthegraduatesmovethetasselfromonesidetotheotherisasignalofelevation.
Ⅱ.Questions:
1.Accordingtothepassage,whenyousaysomebodyisanapplepolisher,whatdoyoureallymeanbysayingthat?
2.Forstudents,whenisthemostexcitingmoment?
3.Aftergraduation,whichsideshouldyouputyourtassel,rightorleft?
参考答案:
Ⅰ.
1.T2.F3.F4.F5.T6.T
Ⅱ.
1.Itreallymeansthatheisflatteringorfawningsomefigures.
2.Forstudents,themostexcitingmomentisthegraduationceremony,especiallythemomentwhenthepresidentmakestheannouncement.
3.Aftergraduation,thetasselshouldbeputtotheleftside.
参考译文
校园记趣
献给老师的苹果
美国的学童经常会送苹果给老师。很明显,这个习惯做法有点行贿的意味———给当权者一些甜头来软化他们的态度。对学童来说,他们送老师苹果只是为了得到更令人满意的成绩。为此,苹果的荣誉多少受到些损害,而且可能就是这个缘故,英语俚语“toapplepolish”的意思就是“阿谀奉承,溜须拍马”,而“applepolisher”则指“马屁精”。这一习惯做法同样可以看作是对老师授课的一种合理报答。公立教育早期,学校教师并不总是拿薪水的。通常情况下,他们得到的报酬是学校、学生或学生家长提供的实物或服务??因此,在今天的教室里时常出现的送老师苹果的现象应该算是对那个年代的一种美好回忆。那时的教育是一对一式的,而且那时的教学是为了使学生受到教育,而不是为了区分他们的社会地位。
学士帽与学士服
对学生而言,最激动人心的时刻莫过于毕业典礼。父母及亲朋好友都被邀请来参加典礼。所有的毕业生都头戴黑色的方平帽,身穿黑长袍。他们等待着校长在最后一刻宣布:“现在,请将你的流苏从右边移到左边。”今天的高中生和大学生戴的学士帽,穿的学士服是由中世纪欧洲学院里学者们的日常着装演变而来的。中世纪时,大多数的学者要么是牧师,要么将要成为牧师;他们的着装经常受到他们任教或学习的大学的严格控制。在整个欧洲,标准的牧师服都是黑色的长袍。13和14世纪的时候,人们最初偏爱黑色的状况得到了改变,诸如红色、紫罗兰色和紫色这样的颜色开始流行起来。但是到了文艺复兴时期,黑色又流行回来,因为黑色代表了简约朴素和16世纪严谨的苦修方式。现代大学都少有例外地保留了那种肃穆简朴的仪式。方平帽或者学士帽的起源不甚了了,不过这很可能是从中世纪的法冠演变而来。这种植绒的方帽被看作是学位的象征,后来被大学本科生和高中生采用。学士帽这个术语直到19世纪50年代才传到英国。毕业生们将其从一边移到另一边,作为一种晋级标志的流苏其实是中世纪时的帽穗的派生。现代罗马教会的大主教们戴的法冠上仍保留着这种穗子。
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